Section+4

=The French and Indian War (JiSu D. Kim)=

Rivals for an Empire

 * France was Great Britain's biggest rival against building a world empire
 * One major land between the two colonies were Ohio River Valley
 * Colonists supported the British
 * Thought themselves as British
 * Wanted to expand westward


 * **France's North American Empire**
 * Quebec
 * First permanent French settlement in North America
 * Claimed the entire Mississippi Valley
 * Louisiana
 * New France
 * Grown only about 70,000 (compared to more than 1,000,000 in the British colonies)
 * Differed from British colonies
 * The typical French colonists had no desire to build towns or raise families
 * Fur traders
 * Hurons, Ottawas, Ojibwas, and others did most of the trapping and then the French traded the Natives for the furs
 * Catholic priests
 * Wanted to convert Native Americans
 * Had friendlier relations with Native Americans
 * They helped each other time to time
 * Military alliances

Britain Defeats an Old Enemy

 * **French empire and the British empire collided**
 * Already had fought two inconclusive wars during the past half-century
 * 1754- The conflict reignited
 * French built Fort Duquesne (In Ohio, current day Pittsburgh)
 * The British needed that land for they granted land to a group of wealthy planter
 * Sent militia to evict the French
 * Led by young George Washington
 * Established Fort Necessity (about 40 miles from Fort Duquesne)
 * British attacked, French counter attacked, and it began the FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
 * the war between Great Britain and France for control of North America
 * **Early French Victories**
 * A year after the first attack, (French had won), General Edward Braddock and George Washington was dispatched to drive the French out of Ohio
 * British fled
 * French and the Natives had ambushed them
 * British were unaccustomed to enemies that didn't march in orderly rows and fought from behind trees.
 * **Pitt and the Iroquois Turn the Tide**
 * King George sends new leaders to run his government
 * William Pitt
 * Under him, the British Army finally began winning battles.
 * Powerful Iroquois turned to help the British
 * 1759: British army under James Wolfe, attacked Quebec and successfully captured it
 * Short but deadly battle
 * French and Indian War officially ended on 1763 with the Treaty of Paris
 * Great Britain claimed all of North America, east of the Mississippi River.
 * **Victories Brings New Problems**
 * Natives feared that the British will drive away the game they depended for survival
 * Ottawa leader, Pontiac, captures 8 British forts in the Ohio Valley.
 * Angry, British officers presented small-pox infected blankets to two Delaware chiefs
 * Virus rapidly spread among the Natives
 * Weakened, most tribes negotiated treaties
 * To avoid further conflict with the Natives, British government issue Proclamation of 1763
 * Banned all settlement west of Appalachians
 * British could not enforce it
 * Colonists continued to move west into Native's lands

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart

 * Proclamation of 1763
 * Colonists thought British government did not care about their needs
 * Increase in tax
 * British raised taxes due to the result of French and Indian war (British were in financial crisis)
 * **British Policies Anger Colonists**
 * 1763: Tension between Britain and Massachusetts were increasing
 * **Problems Resulting from the War**
 * Post war, the British gov. stationed 10,000 troops to control Natives and former French subjects
 * Colonists saw it saw standing army that might turn against them
 * Maintaining troops added more expense on already strained Britain's budget
 * Britain was in national debt


 * King George III and his financial expert George Grenville
 * Started Acts (Taxes)
 * 1764: Sugar Act
 * Halved the duty on foreign-made molasses
 * Placed duties on certain imports
 * Strengthened the enforcement of the law
 * Allowed prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court (instead of more sympathetic colonial court)
 * End of 1764: Colonies and Britain disagreement on how the government should be run and how colonies should be taxed increased.
 * Feeling of dissatisfaction will eventually lead to war